Cold Forming
Cold Forming : Introduction
Cold forming is a manufacturing process that plastically deforms metal using dies. It allows for high speed production, little to no material waste compared to conventional machining, and creates a stronger end product due to work hardening of the material.
Basics of Cold Forming
*Header Machine (2-die, 3-blow)
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STEP.01
Material Cut-off
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STEP.02
Forward Extrusion
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STEP.03
Upset1
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STEP.04
Upset2
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STEP.05
Backward Extrusion
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STEP.06
Processing Complete
1. Material Cut-off
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Coil wire is cut into billets of a predetermined length.
2 Forward Extrusion
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A processing method to reduce the diameter of a material by pushing it into a mold that is thinner than the material.
3. & 4. Upset
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A processing method that utilizes perforated dies to facilitate material displacement. It is used to form shapes wider than the original material diameter.
5. Backward Extrusion
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A processing method in which material is moved in the opposite direction of the force applied by the punch.
6. Processing Complete
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The completed part is ejected from the last die
4 Advantages of Cold Forming
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High efficiency material utilization (high yield)
The high material utilization of cold forging allows for significant reductions in material waste (scrap) compared to machining for the same geometry.
Figure: Material Yield Rate (multi-step rivet example)
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Higher speed, more efficient production
Cold forming allows for high speed manufacturing (around 100 parts/minute) while still maintaining high precision and complex product geometries. No heating of the material is required.
Figure: Production Speed (multi-step rivet example)
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Improved product strength by work hardening
Cold forming process design takes fiber flow lines (the crystal structure of metals) into account allowing for stronger more durable parts.
Figure: Fiber Flow Lines (multi-step rivet example)
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Cost reductions through customized manufacturing processes
If a customer design(tolerances, geometry, number of components required, etc) is practical using cold forming, significant improvements in part unit cost and reduced process complexity are possible.
Figure: Example of our Value Added / Value Engineering through cold forming
Materials Possible with Cold Forming
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We have experience in processing the following materials with the cold forming process. If your preferred material is not listed below, please consult with us.
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Processing Equipments
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Range of Forming Machines |
1D2B~8D8B |
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Wire Diameter |
Φ 0.0039 in ~ Φ 0.9842 in |
Length |
0.0394 in ~ 47.24 in |
Control Precision |
µin (㎛) |